the story of ancient Europe retold by use of
Comparatives of Environmental history and Paleolithic history and the use of cave art as the inspiration for this
mind experiment.
by henryk Szubinski
I will try to show how ancient European history developed with the appearance of the first Cro Magnum peoples
and their own efforts at maintaining the "environmental history" as part of the history of the evolution of mankind.
To do this i will show you the definition of "environmental history" and then the "Europe as it was some millions of years
ago". As such ,the hope is that both will create a comparison in your response to read both articles and compare them.
from Wikipedia
Environmental history is the study of human interaction with the natural world over time. In contrast to other historical disciplines, it emphasizes the active role nature plays in influencing human affairs. Environmental historians study how humans both shape their environment and are shaped by it.
Environmental history emerged in the United States out of the environmental movement of the 1960s and 1970s, and much of its impetus still stems from present-day global environmental concerns.[1] The field was founded on conservation issues but has broadened in scope to include more general social and scientific history and may deal with cities, population or sustainable development. As all history occurs in the natural world, environmental history tends to focus on particular time-scales, geographic regions, or key themes. It is also a strongly multidisciplinary subject that draws widely on both the humanities and natural science.
The subject matter of environmental history can be divided into three main components.[2] The first, nature itself and its change over time, includes the physical impact of humans on the Earth's land, water, atmosphere and biosphere. The second category, how humans use nature, includes the environmental consequences of increasing population, more effective technology and changing patterns of productionand consumption. Other key themes are the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer communities to settled agriculture in the neolithic revolution, the effects of colonial expansion and settlements, and the environmental and human consequences of the industrial and technological revolutions.[3] Finally, environmental historians study how people think about nature - the way attitudes, beliefs and valuesinfluence interaction with nature, especially in the form of myths, religion and science.
from Wikipedia
as the early Paleolithic age of early European history as compared from about 500 000 years ago as the late paleolithic and the early paleolithic as more than 1 million BC.
The Paleolithic (or "Palaeolithic")/ˌpæliːəˈlɪθᵻk/ age is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools and covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory.[1] It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools, probably by Homo habilis initially, 2.6 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BP.[2]
The Paleolithic era is followed by the Mesolithic. The date of the Paleolithic–Mesolithic boundary may vary by locality as much as several thousand years.
During the Paleolithic period, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.[3] The Paleolithic is characterized by the use of knapped stone tools, although at the time humans also used wood and bone tools. Other organic commodities were adapted for use as tools, including leather and vegetable fibers; however, due to their nature, these have not been preserved to any great degree.
About 50,000 years ago, there was a marked increase in the diversity of artifacts. For the first time in Africa, bone artifacts and the first art appear in the archaeological record. The first evidence of human fishing is also noted, from artifacts in places such as Blombos cave in South Africa. Firstly among the artifacts of Africa, archaeologists found they could differentiate and classify those of less than 50,000 years into many different categories, such as projectile points, engraving tools, knife blades, and drilling and piercing tools. The new technology generated a population explosion of modern humans which is believed to have led to the extinction of the Neanderthals.[4][5]
Humankind gradually evolved from early members of the genus Homo--such as Homo habilis, who used simple stone tools—into fully behaviorally and anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) during the Paleolithic era.[6] During the end of the Paleolithic, specifically the Middle and or Upper Paleolithic, humans began to produce the earliest works of art and engage in religious and spiritual behavior such as burial and ritual.[7][8] The climate during the Paleolithic consisted of a set of glacial and interglacial periods in which the climate periodically fluctuated between warm and cool temperatures. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic humans survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.[9]
By c. 50,000 – c. 40,000 BP, the first humans set foot in Australia. By c. 45,000 BP, humans lived at 61°N latitude in Europe.[10] By c. 30,000 BP, Japan was reached, and by c. 27,000 BP humans were present in Siberia, above the Arctic Circle.[10] At the end of the Upper Paleolithic, a group of humans crossed Beringia and quickly expanded throughout the Americas.[citation needed]
The term "Palaeolithic" was coined by archaeologist John Lubbock in 1865.[11] It derives from Greek: παλαιός, palaios, "old"; and λίθος, lithos, "stone", meaning "old age of the stone" or "Old Stone Age".
To compare the 2 periods of Environmental history with the Paleolithic will show how the early European humans would care for their forests ,their fields and their water ,long ago previous to modern history which attempted to say that " we have already had our environmental history as a pre evolutionary stage some million years ago". And the argument they give: "Why do it again?": WHY? Well because this time we may change for the better .
To define the environmental history, the use of images of the way Europe has changed from 1 million to the present.
I will start by making a comparative of each stage of the environemental history with images of the records of environmental history having
been drawn instead of being written on cave walls as cave paintings.
So i will show you 3 cave paintings and using excerpts from Environmental history in 1/3 of the whole article to compare it to the 1/3 of the paleolithic article so that
instead of just images of cave art you have the science there also.
Comparatives of Environmental history and Paleolithic history and the use of cave art as the inspiration for this
mind experiment.
by henryk Szubinski
I will try to show how ancient European history developed with the appearance of the first Cro Magnum peoples
and their own efforts at maintaining the "environmental history" as part of the history of the evolution of mankind.
To do this i will show you the definition of "environmental history" and then the "Europe as it was some millions of years
ago". As such ,the hope is that both will create a comparison in your response to read both articles and compare them.
from Wikipedia
Environmental history is the study of human interaction with the natural world over time. In contrast to other historical disciplines, it emphasizes the active role nature plays in influencing human affairs. Environmental historians study how humans both shape their environment and are shaped by it.
Environmental history emerged in the United States out of the environmental movement of the 1960s and 1970s, and much of its impetus still stems from present-day global environmental concerns.[1] The field was founded on conservation issues but has broadened in scope to include more general social and scientific history and may deal with cities, population or sustainable development. As all history occurs in the natural world, environmental history tends to focus on particular time-scales, geographic regions, or key themes. It is also a strongly multidisciplinary subject that draws widely on both the humanities and natural science.
The subject matter of environmental history can be divided into three main components.[2] The first, nature itself and its change over time, includes the physical impact of humans on the Earth's land, water, atmosphere and biosphere. The second category, how humans use nature, includes the environmental consequences of increasing population, more effective technology and changing patterns of productionand consumption. Other key themes are the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer communities to settled agriculture in the neolithic revolution, the effects of colonial expansion and settlements, and the environmental and human consequences of the industrial and technological revolutions.[3] Finally, environmental historians study how people think about nature - the way attitudes, beliefs and valuesinfluence interaction with nature, especially in the form of myths, religion and science.
from Wikipedia
as the early Paleolithic age of early European history as compared from about 500 000 years ago as the late paleolithic and the early paleolithic as more than 1 million BC.
The Paleolithic (or "Palaeolithic")/ˌpæliːəˈlɪθᵻk/ age is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools and covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory.[1] It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools, probably by Homo habilis initially, 2.6 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BP.[2]
The Paleolithic era is followed by the Mesolithic. The date of the Paleolithic–Mesolithic boundary may vary by locality as much as several thousand years.
During the Paleolithic period, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.[3] The Paleolithic is characterized by the use of knapped stone tools, although at the time humans also used wood and bone tools. Other organic commodities were adapted for use as tools, including leather and vegetable fibers; however, due to their nature, these have not been preserved to any great degree.
About 50,000 years ago, there was a marked increase in the diversity of artifacts. For the first time in Africa, bone artifacts and the first art appear in the archaeological record. The first evidence of human fishing is also noted, from artifacts in places such as Blombos cave in South Africa. Firstly among the artifacts of Africa, archaeologists found they could differentiate and classify those of less than 50,000 years into many different categories, such as projectile points, engraving tools, knife blades, and drilling and piercing tools. The new technology generated a population explosion of modern humans which is believed to have led to the extinction of the Neanderthals.[4][5]
Humankind gradually evolved from early members of the genus Homo--such as Homo habilis, who used simple stone tools—into fully behaviorally and anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) during the Paleolithic era.[6] During the end of the Paleolithic, specifically the Middle and or Upper Paleolithic, humans began to produce the earliest works of art and engage in religious and spiritual behavior such as burial and ritual.[7][8] The climate during the Paleolithic consisted of a set of glacial and interglacial periods in which the climate periodically fluctuated between warm and cool temperatures. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic humans survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.[9]
By c. 50,000 – c. 40,000 BP, the first humans set foot in Australia. By c. 45,000 BP, humans lived at 61°N latitude in Europe.[10] By c. 30,000 BP, Japan was reached, and by c. 27,000 BP humans were present in Siberia, above the Arctic Circle.[10] At the end of the Upper Paleolithic, a group of humans crossed Beringia and quickly expanded throughout the Americas.[citation needed]
The term "Palaeolithic" was coined by archaeologist John Lubbock in 1865.[11] It derives from Greek: παλαιός, palaios, "old"; and λίθος, lithos, "stone", meaning "old age of the stone" or "Old Stone Age".
To compare the 2 periods of Environmental history with the Paleolithic will show how the early European humans would care for their forests ,their fields and their water ,long ago previous to modern history which attempted to say that " we have already had our environmental history as a pre evolutionary stage some million years ago". And the argument they give: "Why do it again?": WHY? Well because this time we may change for the better .
To define the environmental history, the use of images of the way Europe has changed from 1 million to the present.
I will start by making a comparative of each stage of the environemental history with images of the records of environmental history having
been drawn instead of being written on cave walls as cave paintings.
So i will show you 3 cave paintings and using excerpts from Environmental history in 1/3 of the whole article to compare it to the 1/3 of the paleolithic article so that
instead of just images of cave art you have the science there also.
Environmental history is the study of human interaction with the natural world over time. In contrast to other historical disciplines, it emphasizes the active role nature plays in influencing human affairs. Environmental historians study how humans both shape their environment and are shaped by it.
Environmental history emerged in the United States out of the environmental movement of the 1960s and 1970s, and much of its impetus still stems from present-day global environmental concerns.[1] The field was founded on conservation issues but has broadened in scope to include more general social and scientific history and may deal with cities, population or sustainable development.
comment:
At this time the ancient Europeans had cities but a different kind that related to the populations of DEER, OXEN and so on. So there was an oversight in ancient Europe that herded cattle but also that protected them so that they would not be extinct.
the Paleolithis excerpt
The Paleolithic (or "Palaeolithic")/ˌpæliːəˈlɪθᵻk/ age is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools and covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory.[1] It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools, probably by Homo habilis initially, 2.6 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BP.[2]
The Paleolithic era is followed by the Mesolithic. The date of the Paleolithic–Mesolithic boundary may vary by locality as much as several thousand years.
During the Paleolithic period, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.[3] The Paleolithic is characterized by the use of knapped stone tools, although at the time humans also used wood and bone tools. Other organic commodities were adapted for use as tools, including leather and vegetable fibers; however, due to their nature, these have not been preserved to any great degree.
About 50,000 years ago, there was a marked increase in the diversity of artifacts. For the first time in Africa, bone artifacts and the first art appear in the archaeological record. The first evidence of human fishing is also noted, from artifacts in places such as Blombos cave in South Africa. Firstly among the artifacts of Africa, archaeologists found they could differentiate and classify those of less than 50,000 years into many different categories, such as projectile points, engraving tools, knife blades, and drilling and piercing tools. The new technology generated a population explosion of modern humans which is believed to have led to the extinction of the Neanderthals.[4][5]
comment:
So here we have the opinions of the stone age men themselves as related to their ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY as defining the Environment by protecting it by way of
projectile points, engraving tools, knife blades, and drilling and piercing tools.
Environmental history emerged in the United States out of the environmental movement of the 1960s and 1970s, and much of its impetus still stems from present-day global environmental concerns.[1] The field was founded on conservation issues but has broadened in scope to include more general social and scientific history and may deal with cities, population or sustainable development.
comment:
At this time the ancient Europeans had cities but a different kind that related to the populations of DEER, OXEN and so on. So there was an oversight in ancient Europe that herded cattle but also that protected them so that they would not be extinct.
the Paleolithis excerpt
The Paleolithic (or "Palaeolithic")/ˌpæliːəˈlɪθᵻk/ age is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools and covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory.[1] It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools, probably by Homo habilis initially, 2.6 million years ago, to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BP.[2]
The Paleolithic era is followed by the Mesolithic. The date of the Paleolithic–Mesolithic boundary may vary by locality as much as several thousand years.
During the Paleolithic period, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and fishing, hunting or scavenging wild animals.[3] The Paleolithic is characterized by the use of knapped stone tools, although at the time humans also used wood and bone tools. Other organic commodities were adapted for use as tools, including leather and vegetable fibers; however, due to their nature, these have not been preserved to any great degree.
About 50,000 years ago, there was a marked increase in the diversity of artifacts. For the first time in Africa, bone artifacts and the first art appear in the archaeological record. The first evidence of human fishing is also noted, from artifacts in places such as Blombos cave in South Africa. Firstly among the artifacts of Africa, archaeologists found they could differentiate and classify those of less than 50,000 years into many different categories, such as projectile points, engraving tools, knife blades, and drilling and piercing tools. The new technology generated a population explosion of modern humans which is believed to have led to the extinction of the Neanderthals.[4][5]
comment:
So here we have the opinions of the stone age men themselves as related to their ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY as defining the Environment by protecting it by way of
projectile points, engraving tools, knife blades, and drilling and piercing tools.
The environmental history l excerpt
The field was founded on conservation issues but has broadened in scope to include more general social and scientific history and may deal with cities, population or sustainable development. As all history occurs in the natural world, environmental history tends to focus on particular time-scales, geographic regions, or key themes. It is also a strongly multidisciplinary subject that draws widely on both the humanities and natural science.
The subject matter of environmental history can be divided into three main components.[2] The first, nature itself and its change over time, includes the physical impact of humans on the Earth's land, water, atmosphere and biosphere. The second category, how humans use nature, includes the environmental consequences of increasing population, more effective technology and changing patterns of productionand consumption.
comment :
We can see here clearly that Early Europe had peoples that cared for their environment by many types of NATURAL PROTECTION PRIMATES. Some of them would be protecting the land GEO HUMANS , others water as AQUA HUMANS,Atmospherical HUMANS, BIOSPHERICAL HUMANS. Each class developed so that they could together survive.
compare again with the Paleolithic (as it continues)...
Humankind gradually evolved from early members of the genus Homo--such as Homo habilis, who used simple stone tools—into fully behaviorally and anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) during the Paleolithic era.[6] During the end of the Paleolithic, specifically the Middle and or Upper Paleolithic, humans began to produce the earliest works of art and engage in religious and spiritual behavior such as burial and ritual.[7][8] The climate during the Paleolithic consisted of a set of glacial and interglacial periods in which the climate periodically fluctuated between warm and cool temperatures. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic humans survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.[9]
comment:
the HOMOGEO,HOMOAQUA,HOMOATMOSPHERIC the HOMOBIOSPHERIC humans were at some point engaged in meetings in caves where the problems of the environment was discussed. As such the various religions indicate that this class group of the whole made up from other groups, would share thoughts ,art and ideas
about nature. Just like American Indians have meetings of their tribes.
The field was founded on conservation issues but has broadened in scope to include more general social and scientific history and may deal with cities, population or sustainable development. As all history occurs in the natural world, environmental history tends to focus on particular time-scales, geographic regions, or key themes. It is also a strongly multidisciplinary subject that draws widely on both the humanities and natural science.
The subject matter of environmental history can be divided into three main components.[2] The first, nature itself and its change over time, includes the physical impact of humans on the Earth's land, water, atmosphere and biosphere. The second category, how humans use nature, includes the environmental consequences of increasing population, more effective technology and changing patterns of productionand consumption.
comment :
We can see here clearly that Early Europe had peoples that cared for their environment by many types of NATURAL PROTECTION PRIMATES. Some of them would be protecting the land GEO HUMANS , others water as AQUA HUMANS,Atmospherical HUMANS, BIOSPHERICAL HUMANS. Each class developed so that they could together survive.
compare again with the Paleolithic (as it continues)...
Humankind gradually evolved from early members of the genus Homo--such as Homo habilis, who used simple stone tools—into fully behaviorally and anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) during the Paleolithic era.[6] During the end of the Paleolithic, specifically the Middle and or Upper Paleolithic, humans began to produce the earliest works of art and engage in religious and spiritual behavior such as burial and ritual.[7][8] The climate during the Paleolithic consisted of a set of glacial and interglacial periods in which the climate periodically fluctuated between warm and cool temperatures. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic humans survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.[9]
comment:
the HOMOGEO,HOMOAQUA,HOMOATMOSPHERIC the HOMOBIOSPHERIC humans were at some point engaged in meetings in caves where the problems of the environment was discussed. As such the various religions indicate that this class group of the whole made up from other groups, would share thoughts ,art and ideas
about nature. Just like American Indians have meetings of their tribes.
and now continuing with the environmental history:
The second category, how humans use nature, includes the environmental consequences of increasing population, more effective technology and changing patterns of productionand consumption. Other key themes are the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer communities to settled agriculture in the neolithic revolution, the effects of colonial expansion and settlements, and the environmental and human consequences of the industrial and technological revolutions.[3] Finally, environmental historians study how people think about nature - the way attitudes, beliefs and valuesinfluence interaction with nature, especially in the form of myths, religion and science.
and now the Paleolithic period
Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic humans survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.[9]
By c. 50,000 – c. 40,000 BP, the first humans set foot in Australia. By c. 45,000 BP, humans lived at 61°N latitude in Europe.[10] By c. 30,000 BP, Japan was reached, and by c. 27,000 BP humans were present in Siberia, above the Arctic Circle.[10] At the end of the Upper Paleolithic, a group of humans crossed Beringia and quickly expanded throughout the Americas.[citation needed]
The term "Palaeolithic" was coined by archaeologist John Lubbock in 1865.[11] It derives from Greek: παλαιός, palaios, "old"; and λίθος, lithos, "stone", meaning "old age of the stone" or "Old Stone Age".
comment
That the early humans displaced over the Earth depends in large that the places they were at, had gained, in its safe stature, for the safety of the natural world that the early humans had protected. So there was plenty and a larger yield of nature responding back to early humans that "The Earth is now OK" and humans could displace to other places to continue their work to keep nature protected by the environmental mind set of early humans. As such this mind set was that after seeing so much of nature responding to the care of it, that peoples migrated because they were trying to choose which environment was bets for their settlements. In large every one of the peoples settled somewhere and most evidence suggests that early humans displaced to Europe because it was the FORREST PART of the WORLD that would remain and which was close to their HEARTS as the place that they had cared for the longest period of time.
At this time of the return: The settlements had what they had worked so hard for as Environmental history making .Where trees could make history, a calf could make history.Everything in nature needed now only the distributions of their wealth to try to live their dream in the 20 or so places of the ancient map of Europe.
So that in this way of remembering the past history of human migrations from Europe to about 20 other places before returning back, settlers realised that for each place they had been in previously could be divided into times that were about 30 000 years in each. So by returning they realized that Europe and it's forests were waiting the longest. n this way, then , humans divided Europe into regions of early European history into the 20 or so regions where each was representative of the 20 previous places x the number of time spent in each as about 30 000 years . This factor became the 30 000 x 20=600 000 years and became the way by which Ancient Forest Europe was divided into the 20 or so regions ,each with a different time representing their past history ,both as ENVIRONMENTAL but also as the HISTORY of HISTORIES.
Many regions built monuments to the memory of this fact . One of them , Stonehenge , still stands as a monument to the Sun and the Moon.In this way time and place became the new way to care for nature in which the solidity of the monuments were a testimony to the periods of 30 000 years in the 20 places of human migration. Stonehenge was for example the representation of the 20 stones as the 20 places of early human migration and the Sun or Moon as each stone could be 30 000 or more, years older than any humans throughout the 600 000 year example.
So it also became the time of MAGIC when people who protected Earth and the creations of monuments were "environmental magicians" with the ability to talk with the stones make predictions about the Sun and everything was very preoccupied with the wonder of it for some time to about 1 000 000 years from that place and time to the time of NOW.
Many regions built monuments to the memory of this fact . One of them , Stonehenge , still stands as a monument to the Sun and the Moon.In this way time and place became the new way to care for nature in which the solidity of the monuments were a testimony to the periods of 30 000 years in the 20 places of human migration. Stonehenge was for example the representation of the 20 stones as the 20 places of early human migration and the Sun or Moon as each stone could be 30 000 or more, years older than any humans throughout the 600 000 year example.
So it also became the time of MAGIC when people who protected Earth and the creations of monuments were "environmental magicians" with the ability to talk with the stones make predictions about the Sun and everything was very preoccupied with the wonder of it for some time to about 1 000 000 years from that place and time to the time of NOW.